PVDF membrane bioreactors have become a promising technology for wastewater treatment. These systems utilize PVDF membranes to robustly remove suspended contaminants from wastewater. A wide range of factors determine the performance of PVDF membrane bioreactors, such as transmembrane pressure, syste

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors (HFMBRs) are sophisticated systems widely employed in chemical processes. Their exceptional design, characterized by multitude of hollow fibers serving as both a filtration medium and a support for microbial growth, enables high-performance production. HFMBRs provid

The efficiency of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating industrial wastewater has been a subject of extensive investigation. These membrane systems offer distinct advantages such as high reduction rates for pollutants, compact footprint, and the ability to produce reusable